青岛市小儿肺炎支原体流行病学分析

Mycoplasma pneumoniae among Children in Qingdao Region: An Epidemiological Analysis

目的 了解青岛市小儿肺炎支原体 (MP)的流行病学特征 ,为支原体肺炎的防治提供依据。方法 临床资料进行回顾性统计分析 ,特异性诊断采用金标免疫斑点法和聚合酶链反应 (PCR)扩增技术 ,对我院 10年中住院确诊的 6 95 2例肺炎患儿血清和咽分泌物分别进行特异性抗体 Ig M和 MP- DNA检测。结果 符合 MP肺炎诊断者 15 6 5例 ,总发生率占同期肺炎的 2 2 .5 % ;10年中共有两次发病高峰 ,分别为 1997年和 2 0 0 0年 12月～ 2 0 0 1年 2月发病高峰季节 ;发病年龄明显前移 ,<3岁婴幼儿占 4 1% ;发生率市区显著高于农村 ,发病高峰在人口集中的幼儿园、中小学有聚集发病现象。结论 MP肺炎已成为本区危害儿童健康的多发病 ,并有取代链球菌性肺炎 ,成为小儿感染性肺炎首位疾病的可能 ;寻找切实有效的预防措施已成为保护儿童健康急需解决的问题。

OBJECTIVE To understand the clinical features of the Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) among children in Qingdao in order to provide evidence for the endemic prevention and treatment of the MP pneumonia. METHODS Clinical documents were statistically analyzed and processed retrospectively. Serum and pharyngeal secretion of the 6 952 cases diagnosed with pneumonia for the past ten years were tested for antibody IgM and MP-DNA detection using immunological dot method and PCR technique. RESULTS Total incidence was 22.5% among all the pneumonia patients with 1 565 cases diagnosed. 1997 and 2000 were two peak years during the last 10 years and the peak months were December, January and February. Morbidiy of children under 3 years old was accounted for 41%, it revealed that children infected with the diseases were getting younger than before. Morbidity in urban area was prominently higher than that in rural area. Densely populated areas such as kindergartens, primary and middle schools were normally in clusters in the peak year. CONCLUSIONS MP pneumonia has become a disease with high morbidity endangering the children during the last 10 years. It is possible to become the primary disease among all pediatric infective pneumonia by taking over streptococcal pneumonia. It has been a problem waiting to be solved urgently by finding the practical and effective measures to protect the children′s health.