北京农村及城市特定人群原发性开角型青光眼的患病率调查及其筛查方法评价

The prevalence and its screening methods of primary open angle glaucoma in defined population-based study of rural and urban in Beijing

目的 了解北京地区 4 0岁以上人群原发性开角型青光眼 (POAG)的患病率 ,评价POAG的筛查方法。方法 于 2 0 0 1年 6～ 10月 ,采取逐户上门登记的方法 ,对北京市区北部 5个社区和北京郊区南端 3个自然村的 4 0岁以上人群进行眼病流行病学调查。青光眼筛查的现场检查项目包括矫正视力、验光、倍频视野计检测、非接触眼压计测定、VanHerick法评估周边前房深度、眼底照相。凡可疑青光眼及青光眼患者均进行青光眼标准检查 ,包括复查眼压、前房角镜检查、Octopus自动视野计的阈值视野检查、眼底立体照相。结果 农村及城市实查人数分别为 1980人和 2 4 71人 ,共计 4 4 5 1人 ,应答率分别为 79 5 8%和 87 13%。男性人群中农村及城市POAG的患病率分别为 1 97%和 2 0 7% ,女性人群中农村及城市POAG的患病率分别为 1 0 4 %和 1 4 2 %。POAG的患病率随年龄增长呈上升趋势 ,上升曲线呈指数变化。诊断的青光眼患者中 ,约 5 0 %初次测定眼压 <2 1mmHg (1mmHg =0 133kPa)。本调查中新发现的POAG在农村和城市分别占 92 30 %和 87 30 % ;POAG单眼致盲率在农村和城市分别为 15 4 0 %和 10 90 %。结论 采用眼底照相对视神经和视网膜神经纤维层进行综合评价的方法 ,所检出的青光眼患病率高于国内以往的研究结果 。

Objective The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in persons aged 40 or above in Beijing, China. Methods From June 2001 to October 2001, the screening population was identified by a door-to-door census in five metropolitan resident areas in the north of Beijing and three villages in a county south to Beijing. The screening included visual acuity, frequency doubling perimetry (FDP, C-20 screening program), non-contact tonometry, slit lamp microscopy, anterior chamber depth (Van Herick method), and fundus photography. The suspect glaucoma and definite glaucoma patients were asked to have an examination of Octopus 1-2-3 perimetry (G1X TOP threshold program), repeat tonometry, gonioscopy and fundus stereo-photography at Beijing Tongren Hospital. Results There were 4451 subjects who were examined at the study sites. The response rates in rural and urban were 79.58% and 87.13%, respectively. In this 40 years-old or above population, the prevalences of POAG were 1.97% in rural men, 2.07% in urban men, 1.04% in rural women and 1.42% in urban women. In this study, 92.30% POAG patients in rural and 87.30% POAG patients in urban were new diagnosed cases. The prevalence of POAG increased with age and the change was exponential. In 50% POAG patients first IOP measurement was less than 21 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa). The prevalence of monocular eye blindness was 15.40% and 10.90% in rural and urban, respectively.Conclusions Owing to use fundus photography and integrated evaluation of optic disc, it is possible to diagnose in earlier stage of POAG. This study identifies more patients with POAG than any previous population-based studies of China, and is similar to other studies of Asia such as in India and Singapore. The reason of lower POAG prevalence in rural women than in urban may be that the anterior chamber depth of rural women is shallower than that of urban women. It may cause difficult to differentiate the chronic primary angle closure glaucoma from POAG at screening sites, so the part POAG patients may be included in primary angle closure glaucoma patients.