腹主动脉瘤三维增强MR血管造影的临床价值

The clinical value of three-dimensional contrast-enhanced MR angiography in abdominal aortic aneurysms

目的 评价三维增强磁共振血管造影 (3DCE MRA)及其重建技术在腹主动脉瘤 (AAA)检查中的临床价值。方法 6 3例临床初诊为AAA的患者行 3DCE MRA及相关MR检查。 3DCE MRA用屏气超快速三维梯度回波序列 (3DFISP) [钆喷替酸葡甲胺 (Gd DTPA) 0 2mmol/kg ,1次扫描时间 18～ 2 0s],工作站上三维重建。观察AAA类型、形态、部位、附壁血栓及与分支血管的关系 ;近端瘤颈、远端流出道形态 ;并根据临床需要测量各部位长度、直径、角度 ;评价图像在制定治疗方案中的作用。结果 6 3例AAA中 ,5 6例为肾下型 ,5例为近肾型 ,2例为肾上型。动脉瘤平均直径 5 3cm。 3DCE MRA能清楚显示动脉瘤类型、形态 ,近远端瘤颈情况及与分支动脉的关系。根据 3DCE MRA图像 ,临床选择合适的治疗方案。 6 3例中 31例行AAA血管内支架腔内隔绝术 ,3DCE MRA所测得的动脉瘤、近端瘤颈及远端流出道的长度及直径与DSA高度一致 (P >0 1) ;4例行传统人工血管置换术 ;另 2 8例因种种原因仅保守治疗。结论 3DCE MRA因具有高诊断准确性、无放射性及肾毒性等优势 ,可作为AAA治疗前最主要的影像检查方法 。

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of three-dimensional contrast-enhanced MR angiography (3D CE-MRA) and its 3D reconstruction in the diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA).Methods Sixty-three patients with clinically diagnosed AAA underwent 3D CE-MRA combined with other sequences. 3D CE-MRA was performed with a 3D FISP sequence(TR,TE,FA = 3.64 ms, 1.44 ms,25 degrees, matrix=196×512, eff. slice=1.8 mm, FOV=30 cm×40 cm, acquisition time=18-20 s)after injection of 0.2 mmol Gd-DTPA per kg b. w. A bolus-test was done before angiography to optimize imaging delay time. After 3D CE-MRA a T 1-weighted sequence was acquired on the axial plane. The source images were subtracted from mask images and transferred to computer workstation, and subsequently post-processed using 3D reconstruction. All sequences were used to depict the type, location, extent, and thrombosis of the AAA, the morphology of its proximal neck, the distal aortoiliac inflow tract, and the relationship with the branches of aorta. The length, diameter, and angle of the aneurysm sac, and proximal and distal arteries were measured. The clinical role was evaluated for treatment planning.Results High-quality 3D CE-MRA/MRI images were obtained in all patients. Among them, fifty-six had infrarenal AAA, five juxtarenal AAA, and two AAA with suprarenal extension. The mean diameter of aneurysms was 5.3 cm. The thrombosis was thicker than 2.0 cm in 26 patients. 3D CE-MRA clearly demonstrated the morphology and extent of AAA, and its proximal neck and distal aortoiliac inflow tract. The accurate parameters needed by endovascular treatment were gained simultaneously. Aneurysm and its neck depiction at 3D CE-MRA was better than that at DSA. The endovascular and surgical treatment were selected according the images (31 endovascular treatment, 4 surgical treatment, 28 conservative treatment only). The parameters at 3D CE-MRA coincided well with those at DSA in all cases (P>0.1). Conclusion 3D CE-MRA with MRI is highly accurate and without ionizing radiation and nephrotoxicity. It could be the most important imaging modality for AAA and has extremely high clinical value.