法家利民学说的政治学评析——以商鞅、韩非思想为中心

The political appraise on the favorable to the people doctrine of Legalists——With Shang Yang,Han Fei act as the center

以商鞅、韩非为代表的法家都是社会进化论者,他们主张用现实的方法解决现实问题。现实社会是以实力为原则的,实力就藏在民众中,关键在于统治者如何开掘。在商韩看来,追名逐利是民众的本性,统治的诀窍就是“利而用之”,商韩的耕战学说体现的就是这样的主旨。从商韩“利民”学说的政治实践看,“民”的政治地位得到了一定程度的保障,经济地位也有一定程度的提高,但商韩的政治意图并不在于给“民”更多的保障和利益,而在于利用这种统治手法实现对民众更进一步的控制和驱使,所以其政治学说最终走上了与“民”对立的结局。

As the representative of the Legalists, Shang Yang Han Fei who were all the theory of evolution person .They stand for employing the actual means to resolve the actual issue ,The actual community is with strength in the interest of the rule is existed and the development ,The strength is in the common people , The key was how the ruler digs. Shang Han it seems being living , Seeking fame and wealth is the natural character of the common people ,The key to success of rulers is 'favorite then employs ',Shang Han plows the warfare doctrine , and what displays is such substance. Through the political practices of Shang Han ' favorable to the people 'doctrine to be see , The political position of the 'People 'obtain the specified degree guarantee , the economic position also possess the specified degree raise , Yet the political intent of Shang Han not at all rests with 'People 'even more guarantee and raises , But rest with the use this kind of control and ordering about that the ruling technique realization was a step further to the common people ,Therefore such political doctrine has finally was gone away from'People ' and finally to go to the contradictory.