南宁市大气污染与呼吸系统疾病的关系

Study of the Relationship Between Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases in Nanning

目的探讨南宁市大气污染与呼吸系统疾病的关系。方法根据南宁市1991-2002年大气中主要污染物如总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)、降尘、二氧化硫(SO2)、氮氧化物(NOx)的监测值计算上海大气质量指数并进行评价分级,再与呼吸系统疾病死亡率及同期自治区人民医院慢性阻塞性肺疾病入院病人构成比进行综合分析。结果南宁市大气属煤烟型污染,大气的主要污染物为TSP、降尘、SO2、NOx,工业区呼吸系统疾病死亡率是城区的1.4～2.4倍,城区略高于郊区,在污染较重的1991-1995年,呼吸系统疾病死亡率也最高,同期该院慢性阻塞性肺疾病入院水平亦较高。结论南宁市大气污染是呼吸系统疾病死亡及高发的主要环境病因。

Objective To investigate the relationship between air pollution and respiratory diseases in Nanning. Methods To analyze the prominent pollutants in the last 12 years: total suspensible particulate (TSP), drop dust, sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) by using Shanghai Air Quality Index, and study the correlation between the above data and the constituent ratio of chronic odstructive lung disease(COPD) inpatients of Guanxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region People's Hospital as well as the mortality of respiratory diseases in Nanning in the same period. Results The air pollution in Nanning was classified into coal pollution. The dominating pollutants were TSP, drop dust, SO2 and NOx. The epidemiology research showed that the mortality of respiratory diseases in industrial zone were 1.4-2.4 times of that in the city zoon, the city zone was less higher than suburb. During the most severe air pollution period in 1991-1995, the mortality of respiratory diseases was highest, and the inpatients of COPD in the hospital was relevant higher. Conclusion Air pollution is the primary environmental pathogeny and fatal factor for respiratory diseases.