春播玉米不同根群生长的解析研究(Ι)

Studies on Growth Analysis of Spring Maize Roots Groups

通过对玉米根系发生发展构型的系统研究观察,看到玉米根系与其它作物相比,具有数量多,生物量大,各类根在发生时间上部位上具有明显的层次性,时序性。其总根数与总生物量生长过程呈"S"型生长模型,其总一级侧根量呈二次抛物线增长模型,其指数加速增长的拐点皆表现在大喇叭口时期,表明该期不仅是地上部叶光系统的关键期,也是地下部根土形成的关键期,表明作物地上地下部生长的一致性与协调性。研究还表明本试验所观察到的种子根为1条,次生不定根群3～5条,节根群1～4轮及气生根群1～3轮,在发生时间上依次推迟重叠发生。苗期以主根群和次生不定根群为主,拔节期第一轮节根为主,大喇叭期是和种子根群及1～3轮节根的生长相对应,尤其是1～2轮节根生长最盛,抽雄期第四轮节根亦开始进入盛期,同时气根产生,雌穗吐丝期第四轮节根及1～3轮气根生长达到最盛期。

Studies on maize root constructs of generating and developing by the numbers,indicated that maize root compare to the others crops,was provided withtraits of bigger biomass, more significant and more consecutive. The growth of root number and root biomass coincided with the S type curve. Growth of lateral root of rank one obeyed the quadratic parabola equation.Index round dot of accelerating growth emerged in the vigorous jointingstage,which indicated the vigorous jointing stage was crucial for not only leaf and photosynthesis system developing,but also root and soil system forming. This indicated overground growth was coherenceand concert with underground. The test indicated maize roots consisted of one seminal root,3～5 secondary adventitious root,1～4 ring nodal rootand 1～3 ring aerial rootthat they produced in sequence and overlapping. The seminal top root and secondary adventitious root produced mainly in the seedling stage. The node root of first ring produces in the early days of jointing. The seminal root and 1～3 ring node root produced in the vigorous jointing stage. The fourth ring node root entered the flourishing growth at the time of male flower emergence. The 1～3 ring aerial root growed vigorously in the full female bloom stage.