结构主义与转换生成语法的对比研究

A Comparative Study on American Structuralism to TG Grammar

通过对比结构主义语言学和转换生成语法在产生背景、哲学及心理学基础、语言观、语言研究目的、研究方法和语言习得理论上的差异,阐述了目前西方语言学界最有影响的两种语言学理论的产生,各自的优势、缺陷和发展趋势。结构主义语言学理论体系完整,对语音和语素的研究相当透彻,但在句法的研究上还有缺陷;转换生成语法带来了语言学的革命,它增强了语言理论的解释力,而它所采用的演绎法没有以归纳法为基础,存在片面性,还有待完善。

By virtue of a comparative study on American structuralism to Transformational-Generative Grammar with respect to background, philosophical and psychological bases, linguistic concepts, aims of linguistic study, methodology and language learning theory, an analysis is made as to the advantages, disadvantages and trend of development of the two most influential linguistic schools in the west. Due to the long history of study, structuralist linguistics has developed a relatively thorough theoretical system, with its considerable achievements in both phonetics and morphology. However, it is still inadequate in the study of syntax. TG grammar has brought about a revolution in linguistics insomuch that its theory has become stronger in explanation; but it still needs improvement in that its deductive method is not based on some necessary induction.