淮南煤田煤矸石中环境意义微量元素的丰度

Environmental trace elements in coal mining wastes in Huainan coal field

淮南煤田矿区开采历史长,煤矸石累计堆存量大,从环境意义角度研究该矿区煤矸石具有其典型性和现实性。根据煤矸石来源、矿区主采煤层和岩性特征,在井下煤系地层系统采集原始煤矸石样品44件,运用现代环境微量元素分析技术(INAA和ICP-MS)测定了煤矸石中46种微量元素,并用冷原子吸收法分析Hg、选择性电极法分析F。进而筛选出11种具有环境意义的有害元素:10种金属元素(Cd、Cu、Ni、Sn、Hg、Mn、As、Cr、Pb、Zn)和1种非金属元素F。并以总量法初步预测和评估这些元素的含量水平和潜在的环境影响。与淮南煤及其土壤、世界煤、华北泥岩的对比可知,煤矸石中Cd、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Sn等超出土壤背景值,有必要对这些元素在矿区环境污染迁移性和累积性的环境效应进行深入调查研究。

There is a long coalmining history and large amounts of coal mining wastes piles in Huainan coal field, Anhui Province. It is of typical and realistic significance to investigate the wastes in the coal mine areas in viewpoint of environmental impact. According to the origin of coal mining wastes, 44 fresh samples were collected from coalbearing strata in underground mine in relevant to main coalmining seams and lithologic types. And 46 trace elements were analyzed by inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (ICPMS) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), Hg by coldvapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS), and F by ionselective electrode (ISE). Furthermore, 11 trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Zn and F) of environmental interest were selected and discussed on the variety of each element concentration and the average values determined by above analyses compared with background level in Huainan coal and soil, world coal and soil, respectively. The results demonstrate that contents of Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Sn were higher than those of soil background level and mudstone of northern China. Therefore, it is necessary that the mobility and environmental impact of those elements should be taken into account and further investigated in Huainan coal mine areas.