《矿产资源法》的法学性质讨论

Discussion on the Low Nature of 《Mineral Resource Low》

二十世纪六十年代以前 ,世界各国的《矿业法》本质上都属于“私法”。七十年代以后 ,无论是改立《矿产资源法》还是沿用《矿业法》体例 ,都增加了“公法”内容 ,从而具有了双重性。中国《矿产资源法》的公法内容尚可 ,私法内容单薄 ,因此在本轮修改中 ,矿权制度建设应是重点内容之一。为保护私权 ,首先要对政府行为加以规范和约束。政府主管部门向矿权申请人出让矿权 ,具有行政行为和民事行为的双重性 ,要研究矿权证书同“工作合同”相结合的做法。为保护矿权人的合法权益 。

禡ining Law》of many countries in the world essentially belongs to “private law” before 1960's. After 1970's “public law” contents is added to the 《Mineral Resource Low》or《Mining Low》and make these laws have dual nature. “Public law” contents are enough and “private law” contents are not in China's 《Mineral Resource Law》. Therefore the institutional reconstruction of mining rights is one of the important tasks in revision of the《Mineral Resource Law》at this time. In order to protect private rights, government behavior should be standardized and restricted. When government responsible departments assign the mining rights to the applicants, their behavior has dual nature such as administrative and civil behaviors. The ways to integrate mining right certificate and “work contract” should be researched. In order to protect legal rights and interests of the owners of mining rights, the civil infringer's liability to pay compensation should be specifically stipulated.