武陵山区杂交水稻育种目标与策略初探

Breeding Strategy and Objectives of Hybrid Rice in Wuling Mountain Areas

针对武陵山区气候生态条件复杂的特点 ,以市场为导向 ,结合多年育种实践 ,提出武陵山区杂交水稻育种目标 :在以“优质高产多抗广适”为总体育种目标的基础上 ,以不育系和恢复系的米质和抗性选育为突破口 ,重点开展抗稻瘟病和耐寒育种 ,达到优质高产多抗广适的有机统一。实现该目标的主要策略是 :充分发掘和利用优异种质资源 ,加强区内育种单位之间的协作 ,建立多病圃对种质资源、亲本和组合进行联合鉴定筛选 ,通过病区胁迫选择、非病区选择与高海拔基地抗寒性鉴定相结合育成符合育种目标的新组合。经过多年努力 ,成功地鉴定或育成了一批优质抗病的恢复系、不育系和杂交组合 。

According to the complicated ecological conditions, the breeding objectives of hybrid rice in Wuling Mountain Areas were put forward on the basis of market demands and many years of breeding practice. Besides high yield and wide adaptability, the most important breeding objectives are strong blast resistance, cold tolerance and good grain quality. The main strategy for achieving the aim is to explore and utilize the existing elite germplasm resources, strengthen the coordination between the breeding organizations and set up multiple germs-nurseries in order to screen the germplasm resources, parents and their hybrids for developing new combinations which conform to the breeding aim through the germs area selection,non-germs area selection and the screening of cold tolerance at high elevation. A series of male sterile lines, restorer lines and hybrid combinations with high quality and multi-resistance have been successfully developed and released for commercial production.