泉州湾岩相潮间带底栖生物生态研究 Ⅰ.物种多样性与分布特征

An ecological study on the benthos of the rocky intertidal zone in Quanzhou Bay.Ⅰ.Species diversity and its distribution

20 0 1年 11月至 2 0 0 2年 8月在泉州湾浮山 (R1)、下洋 (R2 )、头 (R3)和大坠岛 (R4 )选择 4条岩相潮间带断面对底栖生物分布进行了调查 ,共采集了 6 6 87号标本。经分析鉴定共有 32 4种 ,其中有藻类 17种 ,多毛类 10 2种 ,软体动物 96种 ,节肢动物 6 2种 ,棘皮动物 11种 ,其他动物共有 36种。岩相断面种类的水平分布受制于潮流和海浪 ,不同断面的种数排序是浮山 (2 0 6种 ) >下洋 (197种 ) >大坠岛 (193种 ) >头 (16 6种 )。垂直分布主要受制于潮汐和海浪。各断面不同潮区的共同特征是 :中潮区的物种最多 ,在 12 9- 15 6种之间 ;低潮区居第二 ,在 87- 116种之间 ;高潮区的种类最少 ,在 9- 2 0种之间。种数的季节变化反映生物对水温的适应性 ,不同季节种数排序为夏季 (190种 ) >春季 (16 4种 ) >秋季 (15 8种 ) >冬季 (15 0种 )。

A survey on four rocky intertidal transects in Quanzhou Bay was carried out from November 2001 to August 2002. A total of 6687 specimens in 216 sampling frames were collected, which yielded 324 species. These include 17 algae, 102 annelids, 96 molluscs, 62 arthropods, 11 echinoderms and 36 other animals. The results suggest that, affected by currents and waves, the number of species in horizontal distribution declines in order from Fushan (206), Xiayang (197), Dazhuidao Island (193) to Antou (166). The vertical distribution of species is affected mainly by tides and waves. A common characteristic of the transects in different intertidal areas is that the middle intertidal area has the greatest number of species (129-156 species), while the high tidal zone has the smallest number of species (9-20 species). The low tidal zone is intermediate, with 87 to 116 species. The number of species varies with change of seasons, demonstrating the adaptability of marine organisms to the temperature of water. The number of species range in a declining order from summer(190), spring(164), autumn(158) to winter(150).