中国优秀皮划艇WK1、MK1和MC1选手1000m的竞速结构

The Elite Chinese WK1\MK1 and MC1 Canoeists' Competitive Velocity Structure of 1000m

以2002年全国皮划艇锦标赛1000m单人艇(WK1、MK1、MC1)比赛前8名运动员为研究对象,综合运用文献资料、现场测试和统计分析的方法探讨了1000m皮划艇单人艇比赛的竞速结构特征。结果表明:1)我国优秀运动员在1000m比赛中的分段速度结构特征是起航阶段(0～250m)主要通过较高的桨频占据有利地位,途中划(250～750m)主要通过降低桨频、提高划距、保持节奏进一步通过船艇速度,冲刺阶段(750～1000m)则力图通过桨频与划距的合理组合来取得优异成绩;2)不同比赛距离比赛中各分段时间、桨频和划距在专项成绩的相对重要性不同,在1000m比赛中第1、4段是非常关键的,这2个段落运动员的表现常常决定着运动员的最终成绩。

The investigating objects are the top 8 athletes of the one-man canoeist (WK1\MK1and MC1) of 1 000 m on 2002 salaom tournament and the investigating methods are literature review, on-the-site test and statistical analysis. This paper analyzes the competitive structure of one-man canoeist of 1 000 m. The results are as follows: first, the character of subjective rapidity of Chinese elites of 1 000 m is that at the starting moment (0～25 m) , the athletes get the stead position by the high oar frequency and the middle moment (250～750 m) is by lower the oar frequency, increase the scull distance and keep the rhythm to higher the canoe speed. And at the result moment (750～1 000 m), the excellent achievements is by the good combination of oar frequency and scull space. Second, there are different fundamentality about subjective time\oar frequency and scull space on the different competitions. The first and fourth parts are important in the 1 000 m competition, and the performance of the athletes in the two parts determines the latest results.