利用主动和被动采样技术和发光菌毒性测试评价水中有机污染物的毒性

Assessing toxicity of organic components in water and wastewater using active and passive sampling and luminescent bacteria bioassays

提出利用能够模拟生物吸收过程的半渗透膜采样技术(SPMD)富集疏水性有机污染物,然后进行生物毒性测试.这一方法在原理上不同于传统主动富集 生物毒性测试技术体系,能够模拟生物富集和产生毒性的过程.用三油酸脂半渗透膜采样技术对洋河和北京市高碑店污水处理厂水样进行富集,并采用海洋发光菌P.phosphoreumT3和青海弧菌V.qinghainesisQ67发光菌对原水样和经过富集的水中有机污染物进行毒性测试.研究结果表明,洋河水中存在导致急性毒性的有机物,主要来自宣化工业区,以取代苯类化合物(如:硝基芳烃)为主,相比于此类物质,持久性有机污染物对急性毒性的贡献不大.对高碑店污水厂进行的实验表明,用发光菌方法直接测定污水,很难解释急性毒性变化规律.而采用SPMD技术富集水中有机污染物后进行毒性测试,结果和化学分析数据相当吻合.结合SPMD的优点,推荐用该方法作为环境有机有毒污染物毒性监测和生态风险评价的样品前处理手段.

Semipermeable membrane divices (SPMDs), a newly developed passive sampling method, was proposed for bioassays. Trioleinfilled SPMDs, which can simulate the bioaccumulation processes, were different from the traditional active sampling methods in principle. In the present study, trioleinfilled SPMDs and CH2Cl2 liquidliquid extraction were applied in Yanghe river and Gao Bei Dian sewage treatment plant to concentrate organic pollutants in waters. Both of the original waters and the concentrates were subjected to luminescent bacteria P. Phosphoreum T3 and Vibrioqinghaiensis sp. Nov.Q67 for assessing their acute toxicity. The results in Yanghe river demonstrated that the acute toxic effects, which was not contributed by persistent organic pollutants were originated from Xuanhua industrial district. The results in the sewage treatment plant clearly indicated that substances that lead to stimulating effects influenced the toxic assay performed on original water. After extraction with CH2Cl2 or preconcentration with trioleinSPMD,acute toxicity of organic pollutants in river water can be monitored. Based on the comparison, trioleinSPMD was recommended for sequestration of organic pollutants in water for toxic assessment.