北京市SARS患者密切接触者发病及其危险因素分析

Study on the risk factors related to severe acute respiratory syndrome among close contactors in Beijing

目的 了解SARS密切接触者的发病危险因素。方法 采用回顾性流行病学方法,分析已有的SARS疫情及密切接触者的流行病学资料,利用SPSS统计软件对现有资料进行统计学分析。结果 在北京市5个区县的2195个密切接触者中,转归为病例138例,罹患率为6.3％。与病例为同事、同学关系,罹患率仅为0.36％。家务待业病例的密切接触者罹患率为最高(15.33％),接触地点在家和医院的密切接触者罹患率为31.71％,接触地点在学校密切接触者罹患率为0.77％。而接触地点在工作单位的密切接触者459名中,无一例转为病例,罹患率为零。结论 密切接触者发病的影响因素与患者接触时间、接触程度与频率、接触地点、隔离方式、时间及密切接触者的年龄等有关。SARS的传播途径存在近距离密切接触传播及家庭聚集性感染。科学管理密切接触者是控制SARS疫情蔓延的有效措施。

Objective To understand the risk factors on severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) among their contacts and to develop effective strategy for its control. Methods Available epidemiological data of SARS cases and close contacts were reviewed and analyzed by SPSS. Results Out of the 2195 close contacts, 138(6.3 %) were diagnosed as SARS. Among colleagues and classmates of SARS patients, the infection rate was 0.36% versus 31.71% in contacts among families and hospitals,0.77% in schools. No one was infected among 459 close contacts to SARS in the working unit. Conclusions Among close contacts, factorsthat facilitating transmission would include: time, extent, frequency and place of contact to the patients, as well as factors related to close contacts as way, time of isolation and age. One of the epidemiological characteristics was that SARS were as clustered in the family among those close contacts. It is important to control the spread of SARS through supervision on the close contacts to patients.