区域水环境质量生态经济评价的原则、指标体系和方法探讨

APPROACHES ON PRINCIPLES, CRITERIA SYSTEM, AND METHOD OP ECO-ECONOMIC EVALUATION IN REGIONAL WATER ENVIRONMENT

水环境是人类为中心的水中生物、非生物资源及各子系统之间相互关系的总和,是一个自然、社会经济综合体。从当前的实际情况看,对水环境的生态经济评价应高度重视水环境与区域经济发展的协调性,注重区域水环境的长期宏观经济效益、社会效益和生态效益。在评价过程中应遵循区域经济发展与环境协调一致原则;系统稳定有序原则;系统整体功能最大原则;共生(互利)、多样化原则;水环境清洁原则。根据以上原则和区域水环境特点,笔者选择由一套影响和形成水环境最主要、最灵敏和最能用量来表示的评价指标所组成的指标体系,并采用经济计量法对其进行分等定级。

Water environment is a sum of systems between aquatic creature and non-creature resources and relationships among subsystems around mankind, i.e.a compound of natural, society and economics. According to the present situation, eco-economic evaluation on water environment should pay great attention to the consistency of water environment and developments of regional economics, and to long-term macro-economic effect, social effect and ecological effect of regional water environment. The following principles should be obeyed in evaluations 1. the consistency of regional economic developments and environment, 2.the system being stable and orderly, 3.the whole maximum function of the system, 4.symbiosis (mutual benefit), and multiplicity, 5. cleanliness of water environment. In accordance with the above principles and characteristics of regional water environment,the author chose a criteria system including a series of the most important, most sensitive and quantified evaluation criteria, which affected and informed water environment.Econometrical method was also used in evaluation.