人线粒体DNA与Y染色体DNA多态性的研究进展

The Development on Polymorphism of Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome DNA in Human

人mtDNA为母系遗传 ,Y DNA为父系遗传 ,且mtDNA分子和Y染色体特异区在减数分裂时均不发生重组 ,这就积累较多的突变 ,记录了人类的进化史 ,因此mtDNA和Y DNA的多态性 ,是探索人类起源、进化和迁移规律有价值的工具。本文介绍了近年来人mtDNA的D环区、V区和Y染色体DNA的双等位基因。

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is maternally inherited and Y chromosome DNA (Y DNA) is paternally inherited. mtDNA and most of Y DNA's length escapes from recombination, which accumulate more mutation and contain information about the evolutional history of human. Thus the polymorphism of mtDNA and Y DNA contributes to understanding the regularity of human origin, evolution and immigration. This article introduced the development of diversities of mtDNA D loop, mtDNA Vregion, Y DNA biallelic markers and Y DNA multiple allelic markers in human.