嗅神经鞘细胞移植治疗中枢神经系统损伤的研究进展

Actuality and Progress in Studies on Transplantation of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells for Repairing the Injured Central Nervous System

中枢神经系统损伤后的治疗一直是神经科学研究中的一大难题。嗅神经鞘细胞是分布于嗅觉系统中嗅球和嗅上皮基底膜的一种特殊的胶质细胞。大量的研究表明 :嗅神经鞘细胞在中枢神经系统内能长距离的迁移 ,能促进轴突的再生和髓鞘的形成。不管是中枢性还是周围性的嗅神经鞘细胞均能促进损伤神经元的再生。鼻腔是嗅神经鞘细胞自体移植供体的来源。

The treatment of the damage of central nervous system has been a big puzzle in the filed of neuroscience. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), found in the olfactory bulb and olfactory lamina propria, are special glia cells in the olfactory system. Many findings showed that OECs had the ability to migrate over long distance in the central nervous system (CNS) and to promote the formation of mylin sheath and regeneration of axons. Both centrally and peripherally derived OECs can promote the regeneration of the damaged neurons. The nasal cavity might be an accessible source of OECs for autologous transplantation. Recent advances using olfactory ensheathing cells to promote regeneration of injured central nervous system were reviewed.