论明代密疏的传递与进呈

Transmission and Submission of Secret Memorials in Ming Dynasty

密疏是明代臣民上呈给皇帝的一种秘密上行文书。与普通题奏本相比,密疏有快捷、不经内阁票拟、直达御前开拆、皇帝亲批、高度保密等特点。由于它在明代没有正式公开的地位,因此它的传递和进呈与普通题奏本有着较大的差别,这也是保证密疏能否快捷、保密、直达御前的关键。它有四种上呈渠道,即通过通政司转呈,会极门直呈,个人利用觐见皇帝时直呈,以及从宫门门隙转递等四种方式。

Secret memorials were confidential documents submitted by Ming subjects to the emperor. Compared with normal memorials, secret ones were characterized by high secret, quickness and nonstop to the emperor without registration in the cabinet, being commented by the emperor personally. As they had no official and open position, the transmission and submission of secret memorials had great differences from the normal ones. There were four ways by which to transmit and submit secret memorials, i. e. , by Tongzhengsi, or Huijimen, or a crack of palace gate, or directly presenting by oneself before the emperor.