明清时期湖北地区的渔业经济

Fishery Economy of the Hubei Area in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

本文以河湖水系十分发达的湖北地区为研究 对象，探讨了明清时期该区域渔业经济的发展及其兴衰变迁。 文章揭示出在特定背景下明代对渔业的重视，明初建立了一 整套完备的渔政制度，渔业得到了长足的发展。渔业课税成为 政府财政收入的重要来源之一，渔课在课税总额中所占比例 相当突出，渔业经济在总体经济结构中居于颇为重要的地位。 但自明中叶以后，由于人口的迅速增长、土地压力的加大，围 湖圩垦的现象较为严重；河流湖泊逐渐淤浅、淤废，故明代后 期渔利有所下降、渔业渐趋衰落。清代以后，围湖圩垦、河湖淤 废、洪涝灾害更形成恶性循环，河湖渔利进一步迅速减少，渔 业经济日渐萎缩。

Based on research of Hebosuo, an organization for levying piscatorial taxes, this paper discussed the fishery spreading of the area in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. At the same time, according to reduction of the Hebosuo and changes of fishery taxes of the region, the paper elaborated transformation of this region's fishery economy. The transformation is illustrated in two aspects: the nation wide role of the fishery economy of the area, the role of the fishery economy in the whole economical system in the area.