关于国家承认理论的几点思考

On Some Consideration of State-Recognition Theory

对国家的承认是一项重要的国际法律制度。20世纪90年代以前国家承认制度的实践表明,在民族自决原则的指导下,"宣告说"占主导地位,冷战后,"构成说"受到越来越多的重视和实践。随着人类社会的进步,政治法制化、民主化的扩展以及人权观念的强化,新国家成立的方式、新国家对民主、法制和人权等基本价值和国际规则的尊重程度等可能都将成为一个新国家能否被承认的要件。这些标准大多是以西方发达国家的价值观念为基准建立的,较少照顾到广大欠发达国家的具体现实,并通常是用西方国家占优势的国际制度来推行。后发现代化国家通过斗争来修正规则是必要的,但在接受规则的前提下,在机制内通过协商和斗争来修正规则,使规则与制度更充分地体现其意志、保护其利益或许是最现实的选择,也更有利于国际社会的和平与安宁。

It is one of the important international law systems to recognize new states. Before 1990s, the state-recognition practices show that declarative recognition theory is dominant under the guidance of the principle of national self-determination. But, after post-cold war, more and more importance has been attached to constitutive recognition theory. The author thinks, with the development of human society, expansion of democratization, legalization and consolidation of human rights, the respect extent of fundamental international rules, such as democracy, legal system and human rights is regarded as one of the important factors to decide whether to recognize a new nation. The author thinks at the same time, it is not these conditions themselves wrong, but these conditions are based on the western countries` values and put them in practice by international mechanism in which the developed countries have more superiority. So, it is necessary to strive for modifying these conditions in order to meet underdeveloped countries' interests, but it should accept these factors at first and strive in mechanism. Maybe it is the best way to protect and realize their interests. of course, it is advantageous to international peace at the same time.