“无形式”:康德对柏克崇高论的发展

Formlessness:Kant's development on Burke's Sublime Theory

柏克的崇高论主要从人的生理感官方面总结了对象的感性形式的特征,而康德的崇高论则用"无形式"这一概念,概括了事物的感性特征,体现了无感性形式的虚幻表象的特点,从而拓展了崇高对象特征的外延。同时,康德突破了仅局限于对自然界事物的崇高的分析,将崇高引向更广阔的社会生活。柏克将崇高产生的根源归结为"个体自我保存"的本能,而康德却充分肯定了理性、道德观念作为崇高产生的前提和基础,并从审美发生理论的角度提出审美主体主观心理状态只有与审美对象相契合,崇高感才能产生。

Burke sums up the object's characteristics of perception form in his sublime theory mainly from the respect of people's physical sense organs. However, Kant, in his sublime theory, from the conception of formlessness, not only generalizes the object's perception characteristics, but also reflects the illusory representation characteristics of non-perception form, thus, extends the characteristics of sublime objects. Meanwhile, Kant leads the sublime analysis from the natural objects to the broad social life. Burke originates the sublimity in the nature of self-preservation. Kant fully approves of reason and moral ideal as the premise and basis of the occurrence of sublimity. And from the point of view of sublimity occurrence theory, Kant puts forward the idea that sublimity occurs only when the aesthetic subject's subjective state of mind agrees with the aesthetics.