研究专家行为的实验途径:一种质性方法

An Approach to Expert Performance:A Qualitative Method

随着认知心理学对具体领域问题解决的研究不断深入 ,研究者越来越关注人的高级认知过程 ;而伴随这一研究倾向的变化 ,旨在揭示高胜任能力或者专家行为的实质及其发展的科学研究方法也逐渐成形 ;本文介绍了选择符合科学研究的专家行为标准 ,即有效性、可重复性和可测量性 ;之后 ,详述了研究专家行为的步骤 ,即选择被试、明确典型任务、进行任务分析、设计研究方案、收集原始资料、分析原始资料和解释专家行为等。这一方法的阐述 ,为心理学工作者使用该方法提供了一类规范。

With more and more experiments on domain-specific problem solving in cognitive psychology, researchers are getting more interested in the higher order thinking skills, and developing a scientific method aimed at the nature of expert performance and its acquirement. This review introduces the criteria of selecting expert performance, such as reliability, reproducibility and measurability, also describes the steps of the approach in expert performance, that is, choosing subjects, defining representative tasks, task analysis, designing programs, collecting data, analyzing data and explaining expert performance. This review provides a kind of rule for doing research on expert performance.