论情感在人类信仰活动中的二重性作用和历史消长

On the Double Effects and Historical Changes of Affection in the Belief Behavior of Human Being

信仰是人类意识对自身生存背景、生存条件、生存结局的全面反映与反思，是对自身存在与外界关系的自觉体认与主动调整，是对终极性人生目标的确认与追求。在一定意义上，可以说信仰对人类的生存状态、生存观念和生存价值起着决定性作用。根据笔者拙见，人类自古迄今的信仰，可划分为三种基本形态，即原始信仰，以自然崇拜和远古神话、巫术活动为基本特征和主要内容；宗教信仰，以主神崇拜和天国与尘世的二元对立为基本特征和主要内容；哲学信仰，以人为本，以对社会和人生的理性与科学构想为基本特征和主要内容，如资产阶级理性信仰、共产主义信仰等。

Man's affection has a natural relationship to its belief life. With the positive participation in spiritual activity, it reveals its connection to the existing condition of human being. But just like belief itself, the participation has dual characteristics. While the feeling of dependence lays a deep base of psychology for belief, it also creates a possibility for the relationship of personal adherence. The feeling of mystery has a supplement role in primary beliefs and religions, and leads to the superstition of most absurdity. Nevertheless, it also renders very strong motivation for the exploration of 96 unknown world. The feeling of holiness is a precious element of religious activity as well as a guarantee of its positive value. But almost all - sacred behavior means the sacrifice of individual welfare, and even of life. Therefore, in terms of humanism, it could be considered as one cause of cruelty.