上海小刀会起义失败的军事原因探析

The Military Factors of the Failure of Shanghai Small-Sword Society Uprising

上海小刀会起义失败的原因很多,许多学者对此进行了严肃认真的探讨,但多集中于小刀会没有先进理论指导、中外势力联合镇压等方面,很少从纯军事角度来探讨。本文论证分析了如下几个方面的军事原因。首先,进攻太仓失利,西联太平军战略构想化为泡影;各县城的小刀会坐视不救,清军各个击破四县一厅,导致小刀会战略空间狭小,缺乏回旋余地。其次,太平军没能冲破江南大营与小刀会会合,小刀会孤军作战。再次,固守城池,坐以待毙;想到突围之时,为时已晚。最后,内部不和,无法就军事行动达成一致意见,缺乏有效协同。

This article demonstrates such military factors on this movement. First, the failure in attacking Taicang destroyed the strategy to unite westward the Taiping Forces; Small-Sword Societies in the counties provided no help and Qing forces had defeated four county cities and a department respectively. So Shanghai Small-Sword Society lost many strategic places and last resorts. Second, Taiping forces had not broken through the Jiangnan Camp and uniting it. Third, it had kept the city for too long a time and not held attack opportunities in time. Finally, the conflicts inside it led to no consensus on the necessary military acts and co-operations.