“训育”辨析——兼论我国20世纪上半期实施“德育”的历史经验

On “Zucht”——A Summary of the Historical Experience of “Moral Education” Practices in the First Half of the 20th Century

我国现在所谓"德育工作",在民国时期,无论在民国政府辖区还是人民革命根据地都称为"训育"。"训育"在德国普通教育学中,是同学生"管理"和"教学"并立的基本概念。鉴于我国以往对于"训育"多所误解、如今"以德育代替训育"又在教育理论上存在诸多难题,故对民国时期的"训育"进行较为全面、系统的考察,并着重分析根据地教育的历史经验,旨在增进对"德育"问题的理解。

The current so-called “moral education work” was named “xunyu (Zucht)” in the period of the Republic of China——whether in the jurisdiction area of the Nationalist government or in the people's revolutionary base. “Zucht”, in terms of German general pedagogy, is a basic concept, which stands in juxtaposition with student “administration” and “instruction”. With regard to the different explanations of “Zucht” in the past, and the difficulty in trying to use “moral education instead of Zucht” at present, this paper makes a comprehensive and systemic investigation of “Zucht” practices in the period of the Republic of China, with an emphasis on the analysis of the historical experience from the revolutionary base, to promote our understanding of “Zucht”.