美国大学教师的学术自由权利:历史的视角

The academic freedom rights of American university faculty: from a perspective of history

美国大学教师的学术自由权利经历了"学院时代"与"大学时代"两大历史时期的发展。美国大学教师学术自由权利的争取过程,同时也是赋予学术自由权利以认识论和政治论意义的过程。历史证明,学术自由权利是保障大学教师从事知识创新与探索活动的基本权利,是保护教学与研究工作免受各种不合理干扰和限制的必要权利,是赋予大学教师适当社会地位和必要经济保障的重要权利,也是一项与学术责任相伴生的有限权利。

The academic freedom rights of American university faculty have gone through two historical periods: the age of the colleges and the age of the universities. American university faculty have taken practical actions to pursue academic freedom rights while the academic freedom rights has obtained the epistemological and political meaning. History proves that the academic freedom rights is a fundamental right to ensure the knowledge innovation and the exploring activity of the university faculty, is a essential right to protect teaching and research work and prevent from various kinds of unreasonable interference and restriction, and is a important right to endow the university faculty with the proper social status and necessary economy ensure, is a limited right companied with the academic responsibility.