草原荒漠化的物理过程

Physical process of grassland desertification

综合了国内外的研究成果,详细说明了草原荒漠化的人为主要原因———开垦草原、过度放牧、滥采滥挖是如何导致草原荒漠化的。草原荒漠化的大体过程是:1)开垦草原、滥采滥挖→植被减少和表土露出→土壤风蚀、水蚀→土壤沙化、盐碱化;2)用地下水灌溉→造成土地盐碱化;3)过度放牧→植被减少→出现"秃斑"→"秃斑"扩大、蔓延→草原沙化、盐碱化。

This paper reviewed the related domestic and abroad research achievements and details about how human activities such as grassland reclamation, over-grazing, excessive digging resulted in grassland desertification. Moreover, three kinds of grassland desertification processes were studied, i.e. ①grassland reclamation, excessive digging → vegetation reduction and excessive surface soil exposure →wind and water erosion → soil became sandy or saline-alkali; ②irrigation with underground water → soil salinity. ③over-grazing →vegetation reduction → bald patches appearance →bald patches expansion → grassland desertification and salinization.