微卫星标记对黑龙江流域大麻哈鱼遗传多样性的研究

GENETIC VARIATION ANALYSIS OF CHUM SALMON POPULATIONS IN HEILONGJIANG RIVER BASED ON MICROSATELLITE MARKERS

采用 12个微卫星标记 ,对中国 3个大麻哈鱼洄游群体 (乌苏里江、黑龙江和绥芬河 )的遗传多样性进行了检测。计算出各个种群的基因杂合度、遗传多样性和各个座位的多态信息含量。结果表明 ,3个大麻哈鱼洄游种群的平均基因杂合度分别为 :0 .6 732、0 5 995、0 .6 917,种群遗传多样性分别为 0 .70 82、0 .6 5 11、0 .76 16。这些结果表明大麻哈鱼遗传多样性还比较丰富 ,其资源的恢复具有良好的前景 ,说明当前中国大麻哈鱼资源数量下降并非由遗传因素引起 ,主要原因可能是由于过度捕捞和水域环境污染等人为因素造成。人工增殖放流为恢复中国大麻哈鱼资源起到了重要作用 。

The chum salmon populations in China have declined rapidly in recent years,but the genetic variation of chum salmon populations has not been evaluated to manage and restore their populations.In this study we examined 12 microsatellite loci to characterize the level of differentiation and to assess the genetic structure among chum salmon populations across 3 different rivers(Wusuli River,Heilongjiang River and Suifen River)in China.Genetic heterozygosity and genetic variation per population were calculated and showed that mean genetic heterozygosity of three different populations were 0.6732,0 5995,0.6917 respectively,and genetic variation were 0.7082,0.6511and 0.7616 respectively.Average genetic variation proportion of inter-population subdivisions among chum salmon was 3.66%.The results of this study showed that the recent decline in chum salmon has not lead to low levels of genetic variability,and supported that the genetic variation of chum salmon in China was still abundant which is helpful to restore the chum salmon resource.The results also explained it's not genetic background that led the chum salmon resource to keeping in a poor state now,but over-harvest and water pollution and so on. Artificial propagation has played an important part in keeping the chum salmon resource, but nowadays little population number is apt to leading to genetic bottleneck worthy of consideration for us.