日本的年金制度及其改革

Japan’s Reform of Its Pension System

20世纪80年代以后,日本人口的老龄化日益严重,年轻人口在总人口中所占比重不断下降。作为社会保障之根本的公共年金制度,很大程度上集中反映了这一矛盾。由人口构成推算,以现有制度下的缴纳支付方式,未来会有年金保费总收入额低于年金的总支付额的风险。日本现行年金制度的改革的目标正是为了能够顺利渡过人口老龄化的阶段。我国也正在建设和完善养老金制度,日本年金改革的经验和教训值得我们参考和借鉴。

With the percentage of young people in the population going down continually, Japan’s problem of population aging keeps worsening since the 1980s. Japan’s public pension system, as the foundation of social security, becomes to a great degree a mirror of this problem. Calculated from the structure of population, in terms of pension insurance, risk may happen of handing in volume being lower than payment volume in the way of payment under the present system. It is to smoothly tide over the present period of population aging that Japan has introduced the reform of its pension system currently in force. Japan’s experiences and lessons gained in pension reform may benefit us a lot as China is now also engaged in the construction and perfection of our own pension system.