中国新文化的几个层面——段国超先生《鲁迅论稿》序

On the Several Layers of Chinese New Culture ——Preface for Duan Guo-chao's "Manuscripts on Lu Xun "

中国新文化有三个重要的文化界面:外省文化界、京海文化界和跨国文化界。外省文化界中的知识分子之间的联系多是间接的、文字的,平时的生活环境不是文化的,而是政治权力的或物质实利的。京海文化界中的知识分子之间的接触不但是文化的,也是生活的。它在更大程度上超越了政治权力关系和物质实利关系的束缚,但它不如外省文化界的地方,就是对"个人成就感"的重视。个人成就感一方面极大刺激了中国文化的再生产,一方面也导致了中国知识分子精神上的颗粒化、沙漠化。跨国文化界由国内研究外国文化或外国文学的知识分子及在国外从事中国文化研究的知识分子构成。中国知识分子的个人成就感在跨国文化界的形成和发展中也起到了巨大制约作用。影响之一就是使跨国文化界表现为向单一文化主要是向美国文化靠拢;影响之二就是加强了他们与京海文化界和外省文化界广大知识分子的对立。

There are three important cultural worlds in Chinese new culture: transprovincial cultural world, Jinghai(Beijing and Shanghai) cultural world, transnational cultural world. The intellectuals in transprovincial cultural world often contact each other through letters indirectly. They don't lead their lives under cultural environment but under political powers or material benefits. The intellectuals in Jinghai cultural world often contact each other in a real life culturally. Their contacts, on a large scale, beyond the tie of political powers relations or material benefits relations. but its weaknesses are incomparable with the transprovincial cultural world, which emphasizes'personal feelings of achievements'. On one hand, personal feelings of achievements stimulate the reproduction of Chinese culture. On the other hand, they lead to the desertification of Chinese intellectuals' spirit. The domestic intellectuals who study foreign culture or foreign literature and those who live in foreign countries but study Chinese culture form transnational cultural world. The Chinese intellectuals' personal feelings of achievements play a controlling role in the formation and development of transnational culture world. The first influence is that they make the transnational culture world show a tendency to be much closer to a single culture, which mainly refers to American culture. The second influence is that the intellectuals in transnational culture world oppose to those in transprovincial cultural world and Jinghai cultural world are opened up.