方位词“上”“下”的语义认知基础与对外汉语教学

The Cognitive Basis of Chinese Local Words “Shang”“Xia” and Teaching Chinese Language as a Second Language

汉语方位词“上”“下”的用法灵活丰富并表现出不对称性 ,是对外汉语词汇教学中的一个难点。本文认为造成这种现象的原因是二者的语义构成不同 ,而语义的差别则反映了汉族人对空间领域认知的某些特点。本文力图揭示“上”“下”各种用法及不对称性的表现中所蕴藏着的某种认知规律 ,从而为对外汉语教学提供帮助。

Variety and asymmetry are the features of the Chinese nouns of locality of “shang” (上) and “xia” (下). The cause of this usage lies in the different semantic structures of the two Chinese nouns of locality, which reflects some cognitive features of the Han people to the space field. This paper aims at revealing the laws of cognition contained in the numerous and complicated surface forms illustrating the usage and asymmetry of “shang” and “xia”.