中国东南红壤丘陵区土地利用变化的生态环境效应研究进展

The Preliminarily Study on the Ecological Environment Effects of Land-use Change in Red Earth Hilly Area in Southeast China

近几十年来,不合理的土地利用所引起的生态环境问题日益突出,土地利用变化的生态环境效应研究开始受到人们的关注。我国东南红壤丘陵区自然条件优越,土地利用方式多样,且变化强烈,研究该区土地利用的生态环境效应不仅对该区农业的持续发展具有重要的指导意义,而且有助于认识该区在全球变化研究中的作用。本文综述了红壤丘陵区土地利用的生态环境效应研究的成果和发展,并指出研究中存在的不足和今后的研究方向。结果表明:1)由于长期对土地资源利用的不合理利用,整个地区生态与环境遭到了严重破坏,土壤退化问题极其严重:2)研究重点从土地退化及其恢复转向土地利用对碳循环及全球变化的影响,但研究尚处起步阶段,有待深化。3)选择合理的生态农业开发模式,采用持续性的土地利用管理措施,是减少土地利用负面环境效应的有效措施。4)今后应加强退化土壤环境定量遥感技术和信息系统及土地利用变化对全球变化定量评价等方面的研究。

In recent years, ecological environment problems caused by unreasonable land use become more and more serious, and the ecological environment effects of land use arouse general concerns. Benefiting from southeast monsoon, red earth hilly area in China has excellent water and heat conditions, and land use here changes rapidly these years. Unreasonable land use, however, results in serious land degradation, which reduces the land productivity. Furthermore, it has deep impacts on water resource and global carbon cycle. So studies on the ecological environment effects of land use in this area are not only important to the sustainable development of agriculture, but also helpful in understanding the role of this area playing in global changes. In this paper, we summarize the development and fruits of related researches, and find that most of the researches focus on land degradation and its ecological restoration, which has close relation with land productivity, while researches on the impacts of land use on global carbon cycle are seldom. In addition, there' s a lack of uniform indexes for evaluating soil quality, and the e valuating methods to integrate soil properties with soil management practices are also short. Finally, studies we should pay more attention to are pointed out.