以哲学基本原理再认识刑法上的客体

Re - consideration of the object in criminal law in light of philosophical principles

从哲学理论上讲,客体就是行为作用或指向的对象,而作为法律关系内容的社会关系不过是为法律所刻意确认并加以调整,由一定的法律行为所引起的产物,这种社会关系本身不可能被行为所直接指向而成为行为客体。在传统的刑法理论中,刑法上的客体被仅仅局限为犯罪的客体,而在几乎所有现行刑法学教科书中,均把犯罪客体说成是犯罪行为侵犯的社会关系,这一违反哲学原理和法学原理的犯罪客体概念,本身包含着逻辑错误和定性错误。犯罪客体就是被犯罪行为直接侵害指向的人或物。

In the theories of philosophy, an object is the recipient that an action or deed directs at while social relationship as a content of legal relationship is merely something designated deliberately and adjusted by law and caused by certain legal action. The social relationship itself can not be designated by an action to become a behavioral object. In traditional criminal laws, the object is only limited to the object of a crime and in nearly all the current textbooks of criminal laws the object of a crime is described as the social relationship violated by a criminal act. This is a concept that runs against the principles of philosophy and law and it contains in itself logical and definitive errors. An object of crime is nothing but the person or the matter that a criminal act directs at.