《史记》人物传记叙事结构模式解析

On the Narration Structure in Records of the Historian

《史记》人物传记以外形彼此一致的显形结构 ,和暗含着以人物极盛为临界点 ,由此盛极而衰 ,分全篇为两截的隐形结构 ,互为表里 ,完成了司马迁“原始察终 ,见盛观衰”的著述目的。传记内部各叙事单元以时间为顺序联结 ,首尾圆合 ,强反差情调交叉使用 ,转换交错 ,增强了叙事的张力 ,使结构参差变化 ,波澜曲折。

This paper illustrates the narration structure in The Records of the Historian. The biographies of the chacacters have apparently similar structure. This structure also implies a hidden struture which divides each biography into two parts by the prime and the decline of the characters. Each narrative unit in the biographies is coherently organized. There is a sharp contrast in the narrative style between two linked narrative units, thus strengthening the narrative tension.