危机与革命:19世纪末20世纪初的物理学和哲学

Crises and revolutions in physics and philosophy—From the end of 19th century to the beginning of 20th century

文章从19与20世纪之交的科学革命前夕的自然科学状况入手,描述当时牛顿力学和形而上学思维方式结盟所形成的一统天下局面,进而揭示当时自然科学大厦中科学理论和思维方式的危机,说明解决科学危机和哲学危机的出路只能是实现科学革命和思维方式的反转。科学发展中内在的矛盾和危机是科学革命的深层动力。

To begin with the science on the eve of the science revolution, the author gives a general picture in which Newtonian mechanics and metaphysical mode of thinking formed an alliance to dominate the whole world. The author then proceeds to reveal crises of scientific theories and the mode of thinking at that time, illustrating that the only way out of crises is to carry out the scientific revolution and to reverse the mode of thinking. The inherent contradictions and crises of scientific development are the driving force of scientific revolution.