先秦汉语名词、动词、形容词的发展

The development of Chinese nouns,verbs and adjectives in the pre-Qin days

从殷商到秦的一千多年里,汉语的名词、动词、形容词的变化很大。最明显的是数量增加很大,产生了一些新的小类。突出的有:表示度量衡单位的名词形成了完整的系统,表示天然单位的名词也已产生,并日益丰富;增加了大量意义比较抽象的单音形容词,新产生了大量双音形容词。然而,从语法方面来看,更重要的是三类词的句法功能的多样化、复杂化和结合关系的变化发展,形成了多功能交错的局面,带来了词类活用、词的兼类现象的发展。

Chinese nouns,verbs and adjectives underwent great changes during the over one thousand years from the Yin Dynasty to the Qin Dynasty,marked by,first of all,their great increase in number with the emergence of some sub-classes;secondly,formation of a complete system of nouns denoting weights and measures and emergence of nouns denoting natural units which were increasing in number;and finally,growth of abstract monosyllabic adjectives with appearance of a great number of disyllabic adjectives.In terms of grammar,the changes were characterized by diversification and complication of their grammatical functions and development with their compatibilities, which led to the development of the phenomena of one word belonging to different parts of speech and with different functions.