汤显祖的戏曲观与晚明思潮

Tang Xianzu's Perception of Drama and Late Ming Thoughts

汤显祖的人性观决定了其戏曲观的重心是情与真。肯定情即是肯定人的情感生活和自然欲望，反对以理格情，这与明中晚期一部分知识阶层中受王阳明心学及禅宗影响出现的新思潮相一致；崇尚真，就是要把真情实感不加雕琢地表达出来，与晚明公安派作家提出的“独抒性灵，不拘格套”异曲同工。汤显祖的戏曲观反映在创作上，就是要写真情、真人。

Tang Xianzu's perception of human nature determines his emphasis on emotion and truth in his perception of drama. To emphasize emotion is to approve human emotional life and natural desire and to oppose restraint of emotion by reason, which is accordant with the new thoughts blossoming among some intellectuals under the influence of Wang Yangming's theory of soul and the Chan Sect of Buddhism in the middle and late Ming Dynasty; to advocate truth means expression of true feelings and emotions in their natural form, which, in essence, is the same as the declaration of 'express natural feelings and conform to no conventions' made by writers from the Gong'an genre in the late Ming Dynasty. Tang Xianzu's perception of drama, as reflected in his creation, aims at writing about true feelings and true people.