天马—曲村周代晋国墓地出土青铜器锈蚀研究

Research on the corrosion of bronze wares excavated from Tianma—— Qucun site of Jin state in Zhou Dynasty

采用等离子体发射光谱 (ICP)、扫描电镜 (SEM)、 X射线电子能谱 (EDAX)、 X射线荧光光谱 (XRF)、金相显微分析等多种理化分析测试手段对天马——曲村周代晋国墓地出土的青铜残片的结构、成分进行了分析检测，比较了合金基体与表面层的成分变化以及表面的结构形貌，并探讨了造成锈蚀的因素以及具有特殊表面层的器物保存较好的原因。结果表明高锡相优先被腐蚀，沿晶界形成腐蚀通道。氯离子可穿过腐蚀层向基体延伸。自然腐蚀导致表面层富集锡、铅、硅、铁。表面富锡和具有各种标准自由能较低的氧化物使得带有特殊表面层的器物保存较好。

ICP,SEM,EDAX,XRF and Metalloscope were employed to analyze the compositions,structures of the surface layers and bronze matrixes as well as their changes between the surfaces and matrixes of the bronze samples from Tianma—— Qucun Site,Jin State,Zhou Dynasty.The reasons for corrosion and the bronzes with special surface layers keeping in good condition were discussed.The result shows that high— tin phases were corroded preferably through the crystal edges,and Cl can penertrate the corrosion layers and expand into the matrixes.Natural corrosion Results in the surface layers rich in Sn,Si,Fe.The abundance of Sn and having sereral low－ Gibbs Energy oxides make the bronzes in good condition.