水稻产量源库关系的研究

STUDIES ON YIELD SOURCE AND SINK RELATIONSHIPS IN RICE

采用库限制型、源限制型和源库互作型水稻各2个,通过水培和田间小区试验7年,其结果为:增大库源比(颖花(粒)/叶(cm^2)),剑叶的光合速率及其输向穗粒的光合产物(^(14)C)增加;库的活性(籽粒呼吸强度)与叶片的比叶重、叶绿素含量及光合速率呈显著正相关;抽穗期单株顶3叶叶面积与每穗粒数呈显著正相关;单穗重与抽穗后单茎叶重呈显著正相关,而单穗重与抽穗后叶片比叶重和光合速率的关系因品种类型不同而异;植物激素IAA和6-BA处理穗子和叶片后,籽粒的呼吸强度、叶片的光合速度及其光合产物^(14)C分配到籽粒的比例提高,但提高的程度因激素的种类和处理部位的不同而有较大的差异。文章还就水稻产量源库作用机理、源库指标以及增产途径等进行了讨论。

The photosynthetic rate (Pr) of the flag leaf and the photosynthates translocated from top leaves to grains increased if the sink-source ratio (spikelets/leaf area (cm^2) was raised; High correlation existed between the sink activity (respiration rate of grains) and specific leaf weight (SLW), Pr and chlorophyll content of leaves. The leaf area of the top 3 leaves at heading stage significantly correlated with the spikelet number per panicle, and panicle weight/tiller significantly correlated with leaf weight/tiller from heading to harvest, However, relationships between panicle weight/tiller and SLW and Pr varied with varicty types; The respiration rate of the grains, Pr and photosynthates translocated from leaves to grains increased after panicles and leaves were treated with plant hormones of IAA and 6-BA, but the extent to which the activity of the source and sink increased was very different with kinds of hormones and the parts treated. The action mechanies of the source and sink, their indexes and ways to further raise grain yield were also discussed in the paper.