力克斯兔被毛的生物学特性研究

BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF REX RABBITS' HAIRS

力克斯兔的初级毛囊、次级毛囊于胚胎的18～24天先后出现。其皮肤表皮、真皮的发生与分化于胚胎的24天已基本完成。26日胎龄时,初级毛囊结构分化完全,并可见到皮脂腺。26日胎龄至仔兔出生,是表皮和毛囊分化出的各组成成分的进一步生长阶段。仔兔出生以后,皮肤表皮和毛囊的结构均无明显变化,但表皮厚度稍有增加,毛囊仍继续向真皮伸展,只是远不及胚胎期迅速。表皮的增长速度及毛囊的生长速度,在不同部位之间无显著差异,而不同胎龄(月龄)之间存在显著或极显著差异。力克斯兔皮肤的毛囊群结构很有规律。每一毛囊群由2～6个扇形分布的亚毛囊群组成,每一亚毛囊群中又含有5～12个分生毛囊和衍生分生毛囊。力克斯兔出生以后,其衍生分生毛囊数的增加几乎与体表面积的增大呈比例,使各月龄之间毛囊密度无显著差异,但不同部位之间,毛囊密度差异显著。被毛因粗毛含量少、分布均匀、直径也小;毛纤维短、且粗,细毛长度一致;强度大、伸度小(与新西兰白兔比较),从而构成了力克斯兔被毛具有弹性强、柔软性好、平整、经久耐磨等特征。通过扫描电镜及光学显微镜对力克斯兔、新西兰白兔及安哥拉兔3个不同类型的鳞片排列形态及髓腔结构的观察,发现不同类型之间,鳞片的排列形态不同,但髓腕结构的差异不明显。

The primary follicles and secondary follicles of Rex rabbits appeared during the 18th to 24th day of embryo development. The genesis and differentiation of their epidermis and dermis almost completed on the 24th day. At the embryo age of the 26th day, the structure differentiation of primary follicles had almost completed, and sebaceous glands also could be seen. From the 26th day of embryo stage to birth, there was the further growth stage of the various parts of the epidermis and follicles. After birth, there was few variation in the structure of the epidermis and follicles, but a little increase of the epidermis in depth, the follicles also continued to extend towards dermis, slower than that at the embryo stage. In growth speed of epidermis and follicles, there was no statistical difference between the different parts of the body, while obvious or even more obvious difference between the different embryo ages and growth stages. There were very regular follicle groups in Rex rabbits. Each follicle group was composed of 2 to 6 fan-shaped sub-follicle groups, and each sub--follicles and secondary follicles increased almost in the direct proportion to the body surface, then in the follicle density of skin, there was no statistical differ- ence between months, but exist significant difference between various parts of the body. Than that of the New Zealand White rabbits, the Rex rabbits' hair fibres were shorter, had larger tensile strength and had smaller stretching extent; their bristles were fewer, distributed equally, had smaller diameter, and had the same length as downs. So Rex rabbits' hairs possessed the properties of being resilent, soft, flat and wearhag quality. Observing with the scanning electron microscope and the light microscope, we found that there was diffcrence in the scale arrangement among the Rex, NZW and Angora rabbits, but no obvious difference in the medulla structure.