小麦同源染色体4B控制株高遗传差异的研究

Studies on Genetic Differences in Plant Height Controlling of Homologous Chromosome 4B in Wheat

利用有一定株高梯度的4个小麦品种的Rht3近等基因系,以及从两个Rht3近等基因系中自然产生的4B单体系HL苏三和HL望水白,运用单体正反交法和单体正反回交法研究了D望水白、D苏三、D扬三和D蜀万704的同源染色体4B控制株高遗传的差异。结果表明,D望水白的4B染色体同其它3个矮秆系的4B染色体相比具有显著的促高作用。由此推测,用D望水白的4B染色体代换进其它3个矮秆系可以不同程度地提高这些矮秆系的株高。本研究运用缺体正反交法比较了D苏三和D望水白4B染色体控制株高的遗传差异,结果同单体正反交法和单体正反回交法相近。

The genetic differences among the homologous chromosome 4B controlling plant height in four Rht3 near-isogenic lines,D Sumai No. 3, D Yangmai No. 3, D Shuwan 704 and D Wangshuibai were tested by reciprocal monosomic method and backcross reciprocal monosomic method. The results show that the chromosome 4B of D Wangshuibai has a height-promoting effect compared with that of other three dwarfing lines. It is expected that the height of the three dwarfing lines could be incresed to various degrees by substituting the chromosome 4B of D Wangshuibai into them. The reciprocal nullisomic method was used to examine the genetic difference between the chromosome 4B of D Sumai No. 3 and that of D Wangshuibai. The result is similar to that obtained by the reciprocal monosomic method and backeross reciprocal monosomic method. The relative merits of the three methods for detecting varietal differences caused by single chromosomes are also discussed.