江苏淮北地区麦套棉生物学特性研究

A Study on Biological Characteristics of Upland Cotton Relay-Intercropped with Wheat in Huaibei Area of Jiangsu

江苏淮北地区麦套棉与纯作棉相比,各生育阶段的生育进程,干物质积累和蕾铃增长速度均表现为前期略慢,中期较快,后期较强。麦套棉高产田叶面积指数为:苗期0.03—0.05;现蕾期0.3—0.5;开花期1.2—1.4;盛花期2.4以上;花铃期3.5以上,保持20—25天;吐絮期2—2.5。结铃动态为7月10日前后花、铃数开始平缓增长;7月20日至8月15日结铃强度呈直线上升;8月下旬至9月上旬结铃强度平缓增长。促早发,迅速扩展叶面积,增加干物质积累,适当调控株型,使最佳结铃期与光能富照期同步,提高结铃强度和经济系数,是麦套棉高产优质高效的关键。

Experiments were conducted in Fengxian County, North Jiangsu, from 1988 to 1990. The results indicated that the growth process, dry matter accumulation, bud and boll number 'increase of cotton plants relay-intercropped with winter wheat were slower in the earlier period, faster in the middle period, and in the later period if grows strong as compared with those of the single-cropping cotton. Leaf area indexes were 0. 03-0. 05, 0. 3-0. 5, 1. 2-1. 4 above 2-4, 3-5 and 2-2- 5 before bud emergence, during blooming stage, during full-bloom stage boll opening and during boll opening stage respectively. Boll forming intensity rose slowly after July 10, boosted sharply from July 20 to August 15 and kept a modest rise between late August and early September. It is suggested that cotton cultivation practices should be improved to promote earlier growth, larger leaf area and more dry matter, while chemical regulation may be necessary for growth control. This would lead to the meeting of the best boll-forming stage with the light-abundant stage, to the raise of economic efficiency , and finally to the increase in lint yiele and improvement of fiber quality.