关于师兑二器的排序问题

On the Chronological Order of Two Shi Dui Vessels

1916年，王国维先生作《生霸死霸考》，提出周人四分一月之说，即每份七至八天，依次名之为初吉、既生霸、既望、既死霸。王氏关于月相四分说的论断在学术界产生很大影响，学者靡然从之。随着铭文中年、月、日及月相等四要素俱全的周代铜器不断发现，加之学术界对古历的研究日益深入，人们发现，铜器历日及月相时有与“四分说”不能相合之处，从而对“四分说”产生疑问。

The first year Shi Dui gui food container and the third year one have all along been believed to be articles made in the reign of the same king. But the two days of chu ji occurring in the two inscriptions respectively are 14 days apart from each other, which does not correspond to Wang Guo-wei's theory that the lunar month consisted of four moon phases with chu ji ranging from the 1st to the 7th-8th day. Some scholars put forward the idea to transpose the two vessels in chronological order and assign them to the reigns of different kings, which would match Wang's theory of four moon phases. In the present paper, the author analyzes the logical arrangement of the two inscriptions, the change of Shi Dui' s post and the institution of ancestral temples related to the felicitations in the inscriptions, as well as the shape and design of the vessels, and comes to the conclusion that the two gui were successively made by the same artisan and should be arranged in the order as previously believed, without transposition.