论现代汉语特指疑问判断句

An examination of judgement in WH-questions with copulative verb shi in Modern Chinese

本文对由"谁"和"什么"构成的特指疑问判断句从逻辑和语用两个方面进行分析,指出:"谁/什么"出现在句首充当主语时,"谁/什么"和"是"字宾语构成同一关系,而同一关系既可以存在于两个事物之间,也可以存在于某一个概念和某一类事物之间。同一关系有时只有"指别"作用,有时在"指别"的基础上还兼有"说明"作用。"谁/什么"出现在句尾充当"是"字宾语时,句子的主语和"谁"、"什么"既可以是成素与类的关系,又可以是同一关系。但无论是哪一种关系,句子语义都偏重于说明性叙述,留有说话人阐述自己看法的余地。

This paper examines judgement in WH-questions from the perspectives of logic and pragmat-ics. It asserts that when shui / shenme (谁/什么) appear at the beginning of a sentence and actas the subject, shui / shenme and the object of shi (是) have an identical relationship, and an i-dentical relationship can also exist between two different things, as well as between a certain con-cept and a certain category of thing. This 'identical relationship' sometimes has a 'distinguish-ing' function, and sometimes simultaneously has an 'explaining' function which is based uponthe 'distinguishing' function. When shui / shenme appears at the end of a sentence and acts asthe object of 'shi', the subject of the sentence and shui / shenme have a 'member of category'and 'category' relationship, which can also be an identical relationship. However, no matterwhat the relationship, the meaning of the sentence tends to be explanatory narrative, and givesthe speaker scope to express his/her point of view.