论中国先秦解释经典的三种模式

Three Models of Classical Interpretation in China Prior to Qin Dynasty

中国先秦时期 ,已有数种对古代经典注释的书 ,这里先取三种不同的注释方式作为典型例子。第一种可称为历史事件的解释 ,如《左传》对《春秋经》的解释、《公羊传》与《梁传》对《春秋》的解释 ;第二种是《系辞》对《易经》的解释 ,可叫作整体性的哲学解释 ;第三种是《韩非子》的《解老》、《喻老》,可把它叫作实际 (社会政治 )运作型的解释。尽管每种对经典解释的著作中也会包含其他类型的解释方法 ,但上列三种方法无论如何具有很鲜明的特点 ,可能对后世影响最大 ,这将是我们应注意的。

There had been several kinds of books interpreting ancient classics in China prior to the Qin dynasty. In this article, three different kinds of interpretation methods are taken for typical instances. The first might be called the interpretation of historical events, such as the interpretation of Chunqiujing made in Zuozhuan, and those of Chunqiu made in Gongyangzhuan and Guliangzhuan. The second is the integrative philosophical interpretation, like that of Yijing made in Xici. The third is named practical (that of social politics) and operational interpretation, such as the ones of Jielao and Yulao made in Hanfeizi. Although every works interpreting classics might involve other kinds of interpreting methods, we should note that the above three are by all means remarkable and might have the greatest impact on later generations.