背越式跳高技术的新划分

New Research on the Dividing the Technical Types of Backstyle high Jump

80年代以来传统的背越式跳高技术划分越来越不适应现代快速助跑、快速起跳的背越式技术的发展 ,从而牵制着跳高技术研究和训练的进一步发展。为此通过查阅大量的文献资料和对我国优秀男子跳高运动员录像解析 ,发现 :背越式跳高技术的关键环节——起跳阶段人体重心轨迹存在明显的差异 ,分析研究得出以起跳阶段人体重心轨迹曲线作为划分依据 ,以较直观的易操作的人体运动学指标——内倾角和屈膝角为划分标准 ,可将技术分为 :平缓上升型和波动上升型。

In the middle of 70s'last century, American athletic expert K set forth “speed type” and “power type”. But opinions differed about the dividing standard of the two technical types. Since 80s',the differences of approach speed and time between excellent back layout high jump (BLHJ) players has shrunk remarkably. So it is hard to divide skill types according to approach speed and takeoff time. The author consulted lots of data, made a 3 dimensional video analysis of excellent high-jump players of China. The finding indicated that the key skill link of BLHJ —takeoff, the players“center of gravity”(COG) loci are obviously different. One is “gradual up type”; The other one is “wavy up type”. As is known to all, the players COG is correlative with sport skills. Kinetically, we usually study the COG of whole body or the key link COG, Takeoff stage is key link 0f BLHJ as well as the pivot linking approach and bar clearing. So it is suitable to divide the skill types of BLHJ according to COG locus in takeoff stage.