试论诉讼合同的成立与生效

A Try on the Constitution of Procedural Contract and Its Entry into Force

诉讼合同是当事人间旨在对诉讼程序施加某种影响 ,以产生某种法律效果的合意。诉讼合同存在的理论基础是程序主体性原则和私权自治。诉讼合同成立的一般要件包括 :第一 ,诉讼合同的主体存在着双方或多方当事人 ;第二 ,当事人对合同主要条款达成合意 ;第三 ,当事人订立诉讼合同应当具有影响诉讼发展或产生某种法律效果的目的。诉讼合同生效的一般要件包括 :诉讼合同的行为人具有相应的能力 ;不违反法律的规定 ,不损害他人及社会利益。诉讼合同的效力不仅及于立约当事人 ,一部分诉讼合同对法院甚至第三人也发生效力 ,这就是诉讼合同效力的扩张性。

Procedural contract is an agreement between parties, aiming at affecting legal proceedings or obtaining certain legal interests. The theoretical bedrock of procedural contract is the principle of procedural subjectivity and the self-rule theory of private rights. The constitution of procedural contract involves: 1) two or more parties whose interests are identical; 2) the contracting parties have an agreement on the main items; 3) the purpose of concluding such a contract is to affect the process of legal proceedings or to produce certain legal results. The requirements for the entry into force of the procedural contract include: 1) the contracting parties possess relevant capability; 2) the contract is legally concluded and will not be harm to others' and public interests. Once a procedural contract goes into effect, it not only affects the contracting parties, in some instances, it also influences on courts or even the third party, which is known as the expansion of effectiveness of procedural contract.