山西省农业土地资源可持续利用研究

ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL LAND USE OF SHANXI PROVINCE

农业土地资源的可持续利用是实现农业可持续发展的基础和保证。本文通过分析山西农业土地资源的特点 ,开发利用现状及存在的主要问题 ,提出了山西农业土地资源可持续利用的主要措施 :加快退耕还林步伐 ,调整农业用地结构 ,优化农业生态环境 ;加强生态农业建设 ,合理利用土地资源 ,提高土地生产率 ;加大农业生态环境整治力度 ,防止土地退化 ,减轻自然灾害 ;强化土地管理 ,规范土地市场 ,保护农业土地资源。

Sustainable agricultural land use is the foundation and guarantee of accomplishing sustainable development of agriculture. This paper analyzed the characteristics and exploiting status and main problems of agricultural land resources in Shanxi province, and presented main measures of sustainable agricultural land use in Shanxi province. The main characteristics of agricultural land resources in Shanxi province: geomorphology types are complex and varied, mountains region is much more than the area of level land; loess landform distribute extensively, and natural ecological environment is vulnerable; land types are varied, and the land of fitting forestry and animal husbandry have potentialities; the quality of land is generally lower; regional difference of cultivated area is sizeable. The status of agricultural land use in Shanxi province. The cultivated area is 4 5887 milion hectares, which is 29 26 percent of the total land. Hillside cultivated area is 2 1733 million hectares, which is 47 38 percent in total cultivated area; The forest area is 3 7108 million hectares, which is 23 66 percent in total land; The pastoral area is 2 0199 million hectares, which is 12 88 percent in total land; The garden area is 224 5 million hectares, which is 1 43 percent in total land; The water area is 389 2 thousand hectares, which is 2 48 percent in total land; The undeveloped area of land is 3 8945 million hectares, which is 24 84 percent in total land. The land resources of fitting agriculture is 2 629 million hectares. The main problems of agricultural land use in Shanxi province inclucle: Land utilization is rational, and the structure of land utilization of agriculture and forestry and animal husbandry is not harmonious; Land management is extensive, and productivity of land is lower; The ecological environment of land is becoming deteriorated increasingly; The administration of land still ecists many problens, and cultivated land is wasted and damaged seriously. The main measures of sustainable agricultural land use in Shanxi province are: to accelerate steps of returning cultivated area to forest area, to adjust structure of agricultural land use, to improve agricultural eco environment, to reinforce construction of the ecological agriculture, to exploit land resources rationally, to raise productivity of land, to step on the dynamic of renovation of agricultural eco environment, to prevent degeneration of land, to alleviate natural calamity, to strengthen administration of land, to standardize land market and protect agricultural land resources.