中国古代风水模式的文化地理视野

CULTURAL GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF FENGSHUI SYSTEM IN ANCIENT CHINA

对于风水的研究 ,目前有两种倾向 :一是视之为迷信 ,二是力图用“科学”释之。这两种方式皆失之于偏颇。笔者认为 :风水是中国古代的一种历史文化地理现象 ,其中包含了一些朴素的科学思想 ,也存在大量封建迷信糟粕。本文从文化地理学的角度 ,通过对中国古代风水模式的分析 ,力图展示风水模式的地理形制中所蕴涵的精神空间和显示的文化意义。风水模式体现了古人出于生殖崇拜的生命追求、安全心理的本能需求、美学欣赏的愉悦感受 ,表达了天人合一的宇宙理念 ,同时还是宗族社会血缘关系的纽带。风水思想对中国古代村落的形成发展产生了极大影响 ,甚至可以说是中国古村落规划中永恒的主题。

There are two groups of scholars in the research of Fengshui. One group simply regards Fengshui as superstition, the other just tries to explain it with scientific theory. These two views are both partial. The author thinks that Fengshui is a kind of historical geographical phenomenon; it includes some simple scientific thinking as well as much superstition of feudal society. The author also strives to reveal the space perception and cultural significance included in the design of Fengshui system. The Chinese ancients pursued life according to their reproduction worship, they had the instinct of safety and they also felt happy when they were appreciating beauty. The above three points are reflected by the Fengshui system. It reveals the world outlook that heaven and man are of a whole. The Fengshui system has great effects on the forming and developing of Chinese ancient villages, even it can be regarded as a eternal theme in the planning of Chinese ancient villages.