帛书《易传》四篇天人道德观析论

On the view of moral between human and heaven in Yi Zhuan copied on silk

本文通过对帛书易传《二三子问》、《易之义》、《要》、《缪和、昭力》四篇的分析．认为帛传四篇为孔子《易》论，其中包涵着《论语》、《孔子集语》、传世本《易传》等反映孔子思想的传世文献所隐微罕见的天人道德观念；帛传四篇表现了孔子在涵括三代以至春秋新旧天人观念的基础上对于天人内涵的初步的哲学改造，反映了孔子将传统的主宰之天转化为道德之天、并将传统的主体对于形上存在的外在超越关系转化为内在超越关系的致思取向，从而凸显了孔子作为当时敏锐而深邃的思想家的形象；帛传四篇所涵具的孔子天人道德思想补足了三代天命德政观与思孟天道性命思想之间的逻辑缺环，是经由曾子（《天圆》）而达致《中庸》、郭店儒家简、《孟子》乃至传世本《易传》所体现的天道性命思想高峰的理论根据。

This thesis,after analyzing Er San Zi Wen, Yi Zhi Yi, Yao,Miao He and Zhao Li in Yi Zhuan on silk, holds that the four articles mentioned above records Confucius' statements about Yi,the statements contain the view of moral between heaven and human hardly seen in the bibliography on Confucius. The four articles show the preliminarily Philosophical transmutation on the view of moral between heaven and human made by Confucius on the basis of the ideas of heaven and human formed from the Xia, Shang,Western Zhou dynasties to the Spring and Autumn period;they reveal Confucius' orientation to think which transformed the traditional heaven as dominator into the moral heaven, and transformed the relation the between the subject and the metaphysical existence from external to innerness; thus they relieve Confucius as a keen and profound thinker at that time. The four articles which contain Confucius' thought of moral between heaven and human fill the logical vacancy of the view about heaven and human from the Xia,Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties to the School of Zi Si and Mencius; they were the theoretical foundation reaching the idealistic summit on the heaven and human from Zeng Zi to Zhong,Zhong yong,the Guodian Confucian Slips,Mencius and Yi Zhuan handed down from ancient times.